Al-Hussein was the son of 'Ali, the Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law and the fourth and last of the caliphs. After his father was assassinated, Hussein was urged to claim the caliphate, but he was killed at the Battle of Karbala in Iraq in 680. A head believed to be Hussein's was brought to Cairo in 1153 and a shrine was built for it on the site of the mosque. It was entirely rebuilt under the khedive Ismail in 1873.
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